Inverted Algorithm of Groundwater Storage Anomalies by Combining the GNSS, GRACE/GRACE-FO, and GLDAS: A Case Study in the North China Plain

As the largest groundwater drainage region in China, per capita water resources North China Plain (NCP) account for only one-seventh of country’s available resources. Currently, NCP is experiencing a serious shortage due to overexploitation and subsequent series natural disasters. Thus, accurate regional assessments effective resource management policies are critical importance. To accomplish this phenomenon, daily terrestrial storage anomaly (TWSA) over calculated from combination GNSS vertical deformation sequences (seasonal items) GRACE (trend items). The (GWSA) obtained by subtracting canopy water, soil snow equivalent components TWSA. inversion results study verified comparisons with Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data products. elevated annual amplitude areas located Beijing Tianjin, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) between two GWSA 0.67, 4.01 cm, 0.61, respectively. This indicates that methods proposed reliable. Finally, drought index was period 2011 2021, showed 2019 driest year, severity value ?0.12, indicative slightly moderate conditions. By calculating analyzing GWSA, work shows South–North Water Transfer Project does provide some mitigation.